Lesson 21: Because of

Often times in our lives, there are things we can’t do or have no control over. We give reasons when we talk with other people. This lesson describes how “because of” is used in Korean.

In this dialogue, we’re going to learn how to say “because of…” something.

Dialogue

Teacher  : Alright, shall we all be seated?

자, 모두 자리에 앉을까요?

(ja, mo doo ja li eh ah jeul gga yo?)

Who isn’t here yet?

누가 아직 안 왔나요?

(noo ga ah jik an wat na yo?)

Student  :  Joe is not here yet.

조가 아직 안왔어요.

(jo ga ah jik an wat ssu yo)

Teacher  :  Is Helen here?

헬렌은 왔나요?

(hel len eun wat na yo?)

Helen :  I am here.

저 여기 있습니다.

(ju yu gi it seum ni da)

Teacher : Why were you absent yesterday, Helen?

헬렌, 어제는 왜 결석했나요?

(hel  len, uh je neun wae gyul suk haet na yo?)

Helen : I couldn’t come because of cold.

감기때문에 못 왔어요.

(gam gi ddae moon eh mot wat ssu yo)

Teacher : Are you alright now?

지금은 괜찮나요?

(ji geum eun gwaen chan na yo?)

Helen : Yes, I am much better. Thank you.

네, 많이 좋아졌어요. 감사합니다.

(ne, man ee jo ah jyut ssu yo. gam sa ham ni da)

Joe : I am sorry I am late.

늦어서 죄송합니다.

(neu jyu su joi song ham ni da)

I am late because of the traffic.

교통체증때문에 늦었어요.

(gyo tong che jeung dda moon eh neu jyut ssu yo)

Teacher : Joe, I am glad you are here, but come little earlier next time.

조, 당신이 와서 기뻐요.  하지만 다음 시간엔 조금 일찍 오세요.

(jo, dang shin ee was u gi bbu yo. ha ji man da eum shi gan en jo geum il jjik oh se yo)

 

More Example Sentences.

I was late because of my friend.

친구때문에 늦었습니다

(chin goo ddae moon eh neu jut seum ni da)

I didn’t go to the mountains because of the math test.

수학 시험때문에 산에 가지 못했습니다

(soo hak shi hum ddae moon eh san eh ga ji mot haet seum ni da)

I couldn’t go on a trip because of a cold.

감기때문에 여행을 갈수 없었습니다

(gam gi ddae moon eh yu haeng eul gal soo ub ssut seum ni da)

Gyungbok Palace

There are several palaces in Seoul because Seoul (Hanyang) was the capital of the Lee Dynasty which is also called Josun. Of all the palaces, Gyungbok Palace is the most important. The kings of Josun lived in the Gyungbok Palace.

The Gyungbok Palace was a built in a very good fengshui site. It is about 5.4 million square feet. Originally it was built by the first king of Josun in 1395. In 1592, it was burned because of the war with Japan. In 1865, it was rebuilt.

Gyungbok can be literally translated as the “Wish for a great blessing.” Inside of the Gyungbok Palace, there are a number of buildings.

There are four gates to get inside Gyungbok Palace. The most important gate is on the south and is called the Gwuanghwa Moon. Gwuanghwa Moon means “The greatest virtue of the king will shine all over the country.”

Gwanghwa Moon

The most important building of the Gyungbok Palace is the Geunjung Jun. This is where the king greeted the foreign ambassador and held official ceremonies. Inside the Geunjung Jun, there is the king’s chair. In front of Geunjung Jun, there are eighteen rectangular stones that are lined up which means the king’s officials based on their rank. Higher rank stood nearer to the king.

Geunjung jun

Behind the Geunjung Jun is the Sajung Jun which is where the king worked. There is also another building called the Gangnyung Jun which is where the king slept. Next to the Gangnyung Jun is the Gyotae Jun. This is where the queen stayed. On the back end of the Gyotae Jun is the queen’s garden. Its name is the Ahmi San. In the garden, there are four hexagonal chimneys that have beautiful illustrations on them. This made them not only functional but also a masterpiece. It is one of Korea’s national treasures.

Northwest of the Geunjungjun, there is a pond. In the middle of the pond, they built Gyunghoiloo. This is where the king held a festival. It is a two-story building and probably the biggest pavilion of Josun.

Gyunghoiloo

There is a palace inside of the Gyungbok Palace. It is called the Gunchung Goong. This is the house where King Gojong and Queen Myungsung lived. In the Gunchung Goong, Queen Myungsung was killed by Japan’s ninjas. Structurally, the Gunchung Goong is very similar to an ordinary house of a nobleman in Josun. Today, it is said to be most beautiful Korean traditional house.

Gunchung Goong

In front of the Gunchung Goong, there is a octagonal pavilion named Hyangwonjung. This place was only for the king and his family.

Hyangwonjung

Lesson 20: Airline Ticket Reservation

We are going to learn a short conversation for an airline ticket reservation.

 

Kim  :  This is the travel agency, isn’t it?

거기 여행사인가요?

(gu gi yu haeng sa in ga yo?)

I would like to book a flight to London.

런던 가는 비행기를 예약하고 싶습니다.

(lun dun ga neun bi haeng gi leul ye yak ha go shib seum ni da.)

Clerk  :  When will you be leaving?

언제 떠나실 건가요?

( un je ddu na shil gun ga yo?)

Kim  :  Is there a plane on Wednesday or Thursday this week?

이번주 수요일이나 목요일에 비행기가 있나요?

( ee bun joo soo yo il ee na mok yo il eh bi haeng gi ga it na yo?

Clerk :  Please wait a moment.

잠시만 기다려 주세요.

( jam shi man gi da lyu joo se yo. )

Yes, there is a plane to London on Wednesday .

네, 수요일에 런던행 비행기가 있습니다.

( ne, soo yo il eh lun dun haeng bi haeng gi ga it seum ni da.)

 

Kim : Is it a direct flight?

직행인가요?

( jik haeng in ga yo?)

Clerk : No, you have to transfer in Hong Kong.

아닙니다, 홍콩에서 갈아타셔야 합니다.

(ah nim ni da, hong kong eh su gal ah ta shyu ya ham ni da.)

Kim : What is the rate?

요금은 얼마입니까?

(yo geum eun ul ma im ni gga?)

Clerk : $ 1000.00 one way and $1600.00 for round trip.

편도는 1000불이고 왕복은 1600 불입니다.

(pyun do neun chum bool  ee go wang bok eun chun yook baek bool im ni da.)

 

Kim : Please make a reservation for  a round trip ticket.

왕복으로 예약해주십시요.

(wang bok eu lo ye yak hae joo shib shi yo.)

Clerk : Please tell me your name and contact number.

이름과 연락처를 말씀해 주십시요.

( ee leum gwa yun lak chu leul mal sseum hae joo shib shi yo.)

Kim : My name is Kim Davis and my cell phone number is 123-4567.

제 이름은 Kim Davis이고 제 셀폰 넘버는 일이삼에 사오육칠입니다.

(je ee leum eun Kim Davis ee go je ssel pon num bu neun il ee sam eh sa oh yook chil im ni da.)

Clerk  : All done.  Please drop by our office to pick up your ticket tomorrow.

다 됐습니다. 내일  비행기표를 찾으러 저희 사무실에 오십시요.

(da doit seum ni da. nae il bi haeng gi pyo leul cha jeu lu ju hee sa moo shil eh oh shib shi yo.)

Kim : Thank you.

감사합니다.

(gam sa ham ni da.)

Lesson 19: At The Restaurant

We are going to learn a short conversation at the restaurant.

Waiter : Good Evening. How many people?
안녕하세요 몇 분이신가요?
( an nyung ha se yo. myut boon ee shin ga yo? )
Customer : two
두 명입니다.
( doo myung im ni da )
Waiter : Smoking or non-smoking?
흡연석, 금연석 중 어느 것을 원하시나요?
( heub yun suk gwa geum yun suk joong uh neu gu seul won ha shi na yo? )
Customer : Non-smoking, please
금연석으로 해 주세요
( geum yun suk eu lo hae joo se yo )
Waiter : This way, please
이쪽으로 오세요
( ee jjok eu lo oh se yo )
Here is the menu.
여기 메뉴가 있습니다
( yu gi me nyoo ga it seum ni da )
Customer : What do you recommend?
어느 것을 추천하시나요?
( uh neu gu seul choo chun ha shi na yo? )
Waiter : Boogogi and Galbi are very tasty for barbeque.
불고기나 갈비가 바베큐로 좋습니다
( bool go gi na gal bi ga ba be kyoo lo jot seum ni da )
I also like to recommend Bibimbab.
그리고 비빔밥도 추천드립니다.
( geu li go bi bim bab do choo chun deu lim ni da )
Customer : We will try Bibimbab.
비빔밥으로 할께요.
( bi bim bab eu lo hal gge yo )
Could you make it less spicy?
덜 맵게 해 주실 수 있나요?
( dul maeb ge hae joo shil soo it na yo? )
Waiter : Yes. I will bring spicy paste separately.
네, 고추장을 따로 가져 오겠습니다.
( ne, go choo jang eul dda lo ga ju oh get seum ni da )
Waiter : How is everything?
어떠신가요?
( uh ddu shin ga yo? )
Customer : It taste very good.. Could I have more cold water please?
매우 맛있습니다. 냉수 좀 더 주세요
( mae oo mat it seum ni da. naeng soo jom du joo se yo ).
Waiter : Sure. Here it is.
네, 여기 있습니다.
( ne, yu gi it seum ni a )
Waiter : What would you like to have for dessert?
디저트로 무엇을 드시겠습니까?
( dee ju teu lo moo ut seul deu shi get seum ni gga? )
Customer : What do you have?
어떤 게 있나요?
( uh ddun ge it na yo? )
Waiter : Ice cream and Tea.
아이스크림과 차가 있습니다.
( ah ee seu keu lim gwa cha ga it seum ni da )
Customer We will take Ice cream. What flavor do you have?
아이스크림으로 하겠습니다. 어떤 맛이 있나요?
( ah ee seu keu lim eu lo ha get seum ni da. uh ddun mat shi it na yo? )
Waiter : We have green tea or vanilla.
녹차와 바닐라가 있습니다
( nok cha wa ba nil la ga it seum ni da )
Customer : Green tea ice cream, please.
녹차 아이스크림으로 주세요.
( nok cha ah ee seu keu lime u lo joo se yo )
Waiter : Here is your ice cream.
여기 있습니다
( yu gi it seum ni da )
Customer : Can we have a bill?
계산서를 주시겠어요?
( gye san su leul joo shi get ssu yo? )
Waiter : Here it is. Thank you.
여기 있습니다  감사합니다
( yu gi it seum ni da. gam sa ham ni da )

Lesson 18: In the Taxi

We are going to learn a short conversation in the taxi.

Driver : Hello. Where do you want to go?

안녕하세요 어디로 모실까요?

(an nyung ha se yo. Uh dee lo mo shil gga yo?)

Customer : To Silla Hotel, please

신라호텔로 가주세요

(sil la ho tel lo ga joo se yo)

Customer : How long does it take to there?

거기까지 가는데 얼마나 걸리나요?

(gu gi gga ji ga neun de ul ma na gul li na yo?)

Driver : Usually it takes only thirty minutes.

보통은 삼십 분 정도 걸립니다.

(bo tong eun sam shib boon jung do gul lim ni da)

But it will take about one hour now because of the traffic.

그렇지만 지금은 교통체증 때문에 약 한 시간 정도 걸리겠네요..

(geu lut chi man ji geum eun gyo tong che jeung ddae moon eh han shi gan jung do gul li get ne yo)

Customer I see.

그렇군요.

(geu lut koon yo)

Driver : Here we are. This is Silla Hotel.

도착했습니다 여기가 신라호텔입니다.

(do chak haet seum ni da. Yu gig a sil la ho tel im ni da)

Customer : How much is it?

얼마인가요?

(ul ma in ga yo?)

Driver : Thirty five thousand Won.

삼만 오천 원입니다

(sam man oh chul won im ni da)

Customer : Ok Here is Forty thousand won.

네. 여기 사만 원입니다.

(ne. yu gi sa man won im ni da)

Diver : Here is your change. Five thousand Won.

거스름돈 오천 원 여기 있습니다.

(gu seu leum don oh chun won yu gi it seum ni da)

Customer : Thank you.

감사합니다

(gam sa ham ni da)

Driver : Thank you. Good Bye

감사합니다. 안녕히 가세요

(gam sa ham ni da. An nyung hee ga se yo)

Lesson 17: Make a Hotel Reservation in Korean

We are going to discuss about a short conversation for a hotel reservation.

Information : Hello. May I help you?
안녕하세요 무엇을 도와드릴까요?
(an nyumg ha se yo moo ut eul do wa deu lil gga yo?)

Customer : I’d like to make a hotel reservation in Seoul.
서울의 호텔을 예약하고 싶습니다
(su wool eui hotel eul ye yak ha go ship seum ni da)

Information : What part of Seoul do you want to stay?
서울의 어느지역을 원하시나요?
(su wool eui uh neu ji yuk eul won ha shin a yo?)

Customer : I’d like to stay in downtown in Seoul near Insadong.
서울의 인사동 근처에 묵고 싶습니다
(su wool eui in sa dong geun chu eh mook go sip seum ni da)

Information : Is there any price range?
어느 정도의 가격대를 원하시나요?
(uh neu jung do eui gag yuk dae leul won ha shi na yo?)

Customer : About 200 dollars per night is good for me.
하루밤에 이백불 정도면 좋겠습니다
(ha loo bam eh ee baek bool jung do myun jot ket seum ni da)

Information : How many days do you want to make a reservation for?
며칠을 예약해드릴까요?
(myu chil eul ye yak hae deu lil gga yo?)

Customer : Three Nights from today.
오늘부터 세밤입니다.
(oh neul boo tu se bam im ni da)

Information : Seoul Hotel and Namsan Hotel are available.
서울 호텔과 남산 호텔이 예약 가능합니다
(su wool ho tel gwa nam san ho tel ee ye yak ga neung ham ni da)

Customer : Which one is in more quiet area?
어느호텔이 좀 더 조용한 지역에 있습니까?
(uh neu ho tel ee jom du jo yong han ji yuk eh it seum ni gga?)

Information : Namsan Hotel is a smaller hotel and in the quieter area.
남산호텔이 좀 더 작고 조용한 지역에 있습니다
(nam san ho tel ee jom du jak go jo yong han ji yuk eh it seum ni da)

Customer : Then.. I’ll take Namsan Hotel
그럼 남산호텔로 하겠습니다
(geu lum nam san ho tel lo ha get seum ni da)

Customer : How could I get Namsan Hotel?
남산호텔까지 어떻게 가나요?
(nam san ho tel gga ji uh dduk ke ga na yo?)

Information : You can take taxi or airport limousine.
택시를 타거나 공항버스를 이용하세요
(taek shi leul ta gu na gong hang bu seu leul yi yong ha se yo)

Customer : Thank you
감사합니다
(gam sa ham ni da)

Lesson 16: At the Market

We are going to discuss about a short conversation at the market in this lesson.

Salesclerk : Hi there. May I help you with anything?

어서 오세요. 무엇을 도와 드릴까요?
(uh suh o seyo. moo ut eul do wa deu lil gga yo?)

Customer : How much is this shirt?

이 셔츠는 얼마입니까?
(ee shyu cheu neun eol ma im ni gga?)

Salesclerk : It is 10,000 won. What size do you wear?

만 원입니다. 어떤 사이즈를 입으시나요?
(Man won im ni da. uh ddun ssa i jeu leul ib eu shi na yo??)

Customer : Could I have the largest size you have?

제일 큰 사이즈로 주세요.
(Je il keun ssa i jeu lo joo se yo.)

Salesclerk : Here you go.

여기 있습니다.
(Yu gi it sseum ni da.)

Customer : May I try it on?

입어봐도 되나요?
(Ib uh boa do doe na yo?]

Salesclerk : Sure. The fitting room is over there.

그럼요. 저쪽에 탈의실이 있어요.
(geu lum yo. Ju jjok eh tal eui shil i it ssuh yo.)

Customer : Do you have this in other colors?

다른 색깔은 없습니까?
(Da leun saek ggal eun ub seum ni gga?]

Salesclerk : They also come in blue and black

파란색과 검정색이 있어요.
(Pa lan saek gwa gum jung saek i it ssuh yo.]
.
Customer : I’ll try on both of them.

두개 다 입어 볼께요 .
(doo gae da ib uh bol gge yo)

Salesclerk : How are they? Do you like it?

어떠세요? 맘에 드시나요?
(uh ddu se yo? ma eum eh deu shi na yo?)

Customer : Yes, I like it. I’ll take blue.

네, 마음에 들어요 파랑색을 살께요.
(ne, ma eum eh deul uh yo. pa lang saek eul sal gge yo.

Salesclerk : OK, follow me.

네, 이리로 오세요
(ne, ee li lo oh se yo)

Customer : Could you give me a receipt?

영수증을 주세요.
(young soo jeung eul joo se yo)

Salesclerk : Yes, here it is.

네, 여기 있습니다.
(ne, yu gi it seum ni da)

Customer : Thank you

감사합니다
(gam sa ham ni da)

Salesclerk : Thank you. Good bye.

감사합니다. 안녕히 가세요
(gam sa ham ni da. ahn nyung hee ga se yo)

Lesson 15: Changes of Native Numeral System and Sino Numeral System

Native Numeral System

When we count book in Korean, we count like one book, two books……  twenty books
That means 한권 (han kwon), 두권 (doo kwon), 세권 (se kwon), 네권 (ne kwon), 다섯권  (da sut kwon), 여섯권 (yu sut kwon)…….  스무권 (seu moo kwon)
From one book to four book, Native Numeral System changes from 하나 (ha na) to 한 (han), 둘 (dool) to 두 (doo), 셋 (set) to 세 (se), 넷 (net) to 네 (ne), 스물 (seu mool) to 스무 (seu moo).

When we count hour of the time, we use 한시 (han shi), 두시 (doo Shi), 세시 (se shi), 네시 (ne shi), 다섯시 (da sut shi), 여섯시 (yu sut shi)……….

When we count people, we count like one person, two person…….
한명 (han myung), 두명 (doo myung), 세명 (se myung), 네명 (ne myung), 다섯명 (da sut myung), 여섯명 (yu sut myung)……  스무명 (seu moo myung)

Eleven Book – 열한권 (yul han kwon)
Twelve O’ Clock- 열두시 (yul doo shi)

Sino Numeral System
For the months of the year we use Sino Numeral System
January  – 일월 (il wol)
February – 이월 (ee wol)
March – 삼월 (sam wol)
April – 사월 (sa wol)
May – 오월 (oh wol)
June – 유월 (yoo wol)  육 changes to 유
July – 칠월 (chil wol)
August – 팔월 (pal wol)
September – 구월 (goo wol)
October – 시월 (shi wol) 십 changes to 시
November – 십일월 (shib il wol)
December – 십이월 (shib ee wol)

Lesson 14: Native Numeral System

There are two numeral systems in Korean: Sino-Numeral System and Native Numeral System. We are going to review Native Numeral System in Lesson 14.
Native System can be used for Time of the day (Hour), counting products, etc.

1 하나 (hana)
2 둘 (dool)
3 셋 (set)
4 넷 (net)
5 다섯 (dasut)
6 여섯 (yusut)
7 일곱 (ilgob)
8 여덟 (yudul)
9 아홉 (ahob)
10 열 (yul)
11 열하나 (yulhana)
.
.
.
.
19 열아홉 (yulahob)
20 스물 (seumool)
.
.
.
.
30 서른 (suleun)
.
.
40 마흔 (maheun)
50 쉰 (Shwen)
60 예순 (yesoon)
70 일흔 (ilheun)
80 여든 (yudeun)
90 아흔 (aheun)
99 아흔아홉 (aheunahob)
100 백 (baek)
101 백하나 (baekhana)
.
.
.
110 백열 (baekyul)
111 백열하나 (baekyulhana)

There are some changes in the word when you use the Native numeral System.
We will discuss that in a later lesson.

Lesson 13: Sino-Numeral System

There are two numeral systems in Korean: Sino-Numeral System and Native Numeral System.

We are going to review Sino-Numeral System in Lesson 13.

Sino-Numeral System can be used for time of the day (minutes), place of rank, counting money, etc.

1 일 (il)
2 이 (ee)
3 삼 (sam)
4 사 (sa)
5 오 (oh)
6 육 (yook)
7 칠 (chil)
8 팔 (pal)
9 구 (goo)
10 십 (shib)
11 십일 (shib il)
.
.
.
.
19 십구 (shib goo)
20 이십 (ee shib)
.
.
.
.
30 삼십 (sam shib)
.
.
.
.
99 구십구 (goo shib goo)
100 백 (baek)
101 백일(baek il)
.
.
.
110 백십 (baek shib)
111 백십일 (baek shib il)
.
.
.
.
999 구백구십구 (goo baek goo shib goo)
1000 천 (chun)
10000 만 (man)
100000 십만 (shib man)
1000000 백만 (baek man)
10000000 천만 (chun man)
100000000 억 (uk)

We will discuss about how to use Sino Numeral System in a later lesson.